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| 博士生就业路径多元化的推进举措探析——基于部分OECD国家实践的分析 |
| An Analysis of the Measures for Promoting Diverse Career Pathways for Doctoral Students: Based on the Practice in Some OECD Countries |
| 投稿时间：2024-09-15 |
| DOI：10.19834/j.cnki.yjsjy2011.2025.03.11 |
| 中文关键词: 博士生教育;就业路径多元化;OECD |
| 英文关键词: doctoral education;diversified paths for employment;OECD |
| 基金项目:基础学科拔尖学生培养计划2.0研究重点课题“理工类基础学科拔尖学生学术志趣的形成性评价研究”(20221017) |
| 作者 | 单位 | | 陈庆 | 上海交通大学 教育学院, 上海 200240 | | 杨颉 | 上海市教育委员会, 上海 200003 | | 石雪怡 | 上海交通大学 教育学院, 上海 200240 |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 随着知识经济的迅速发展与学术市场的饱和,博士生就业路径多元化已经成为一个全球性的客观趋势。推动博士生就业路径多元化既能在一定程度上缓解就业压力,也能均衡人才生态、促进新质生产力发展。目前,我国在推动博士生就业路径多元化的过程中依然存在着政策支持力度不足、博士生能力类型单一等问题。为此,文章以OECD发布的《促进博士及博士后研究员多样化职业路径》中的行动框架为基础,对其进行整合与补充以形成新的行动框架。在新行动框架的指导下,文章剖析并借鉴了挪威、芬兰等国家的优质实践,提出进一步推进博士生就业路径多元化发展的具体举措:政府利用税收杠杆、制定本土化博士能力框架以畅通博士生跨领域流动渠道;高校以筑牢博士生培养质量为基础,汇聚多方优势打造可迁移技能实训环境;融合大数据与区块链技术持续优化博士就业调查,深入开展博士生教育综合评价改革。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| With the rapid development of knowledge economy and the saturation of academic market, the diversification of career pathways for doctoral students has become a global objective trend.The promotion of the diverse career pathways can alleviate employment pressure to some extent, balance talent ecosystem, and foster the development of new productive forces.At present, in the process of promoting diverse career pathways for doctoral students, China faces challenges such as insufficient policy support and the single type of ability of the doctoral students. Therefore, this paper integrates and supplements the action framework from the OECD’s Promoting Diverse Career Paths for Doctoral and Postdoctoral Researchers to form a new action framework. Guided by this new framework, this paper analyzes and draws on the experience from the best practices in the countries like Norway and Finland and proposes some specific measures to further promote the diverse career pathways for doctoral students:The government should utilize tax levers and formulates localized competence frameworks for doctoral students, so as to smooth the cross-disciplinary mobility channels for doctoral students, and universities should gather the advantages of multiple parties for the creation of a transferable skills training environment based on strengthening the quality of doctoral student cultivation.This paper also proposes constant optimization of the PhD employment surveys with the adoption of the big data and blockchain technologies, and and deepening reform of the comprehensive doctoral education evaluation system. |
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