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| 研究生心理健康问题影响因素及其对生涯发展的影响——基于Nature全球研究生调查数据的分析 |
| Factors Influencing Postgraduate Psychological Health and Their Influence on the Career Development of Postgraduates: Based on Nature’s Global Graduate Survey Data |
| 投稿时间：2025-02-19 |
| DOI：10.19834/j.cnki.yjsjy2011.2025.05.03 |
| 中文关键词: 研究生;心理问题;焦虑;抑郁;影响因素;生涯发展 |
| 英文关键词: postgraduates;psychological problems;anxiety;depression;influencing factors;career development |
| 基金项目:全国教育规划教育部青年项目"生成式人工智能背景下工科本科生数智能力框架及培养机制研究"(EIA250447) |
| 作者 | 单位 | | 陶金虎 | 清华大学 教育学院/UNESCO国际工程教育中心, 北京 100084 | | 郄海霞 | 天津大学 教育学院, 天津 300350 |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 研究生心理健康问题正成为高等教育不可回避的潜在危机。基于2022年Nature全球研究生调查数据进行研究,结果表明:第一,美国、澳大利亚、中国、日本等国的研究生心理健康问题发生率高于全球平均水平。第二,心理健康问题更多受到社会决定论影响,外部社会关系、导学关系、学业年限等是其重要影响因素。相较于直接的学校心理支持,导学关系对心理健康问题的抑制水平更为显著。第三,升学难以降低心理健康问题水平,且会在学业关键时期造成更大的心理健康风险,硕士生与博士生的心理健康问题发生窗口并不完全相同。第四,心理健康问题不会成为硕士升学决策的关键依据,但会显著增加硕、博教育分流后的非学术职业选择概率,这一现象在博士、外国籍留学生、社会关系良好类群体中更为显著。心理健康问题会随着受教育水平提高而波动性变化,但更高级学位所带来的心理健康风险拥有更大的"替代效应",且会显著影响未来的职业发展选择。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Postgraduate psychological problems have become an unavoidable potential crisis in higher education. The authors conducted research on this issue based on the latest global survey data from 2022 Nature. The results show that: Firstly, the proportions of postgraduates suffering from psychological health problems in the United States, Australia, China, and Japan are higher than the global average. Secondly, psychological health is more influenced by social determinism, with external human relations in society, supervisor-student relations, and academic years being decisive factors. Compared with direct school-based psychological support, the inhibitory effect of supervisor-student relations on this kind of problem is clearly noticeable. Thirdly, psychological health problems do not decline as students upgrade to higher academic studies; in fact, they may cause greater psychological risks during critical periods of academic study. In addition, the window periods during which psychological problems occur among master’s and doctoral students do not align. Fourthly, psychological problems will not be a deciding factor for master students’ continuation of their studies. However, the problems significantly increase the likelihood of off-campus occupational mobility for master’s students after they are admitted to doctoral programs. This phenomenon is more significant among doctoral students, international students, and those with good relations in society. The research demonstrates that although psychological condition may fluctuate with increasing education levels, the psychological risks associated with higher-level degree study have a greater "substitution effect" and will significantly impact future career choices. |
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