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| 中美专业学位的产生、发展及其文化因素——兼论我国专业学位研究生教育学术化问题 |
| The Emergence, Development and Cultural Elements of the Professional Degree Educations between China and the United States——Also on the Academicization Problems of Professional Degree Postgraduate Education in China |
| 投稿时间：2024-06-23 |
| DOI：10.19834/j.cnki.yjsjy2011.2024.06.12 |
| 中文关键词: 专业学位;实用主义;经世致用;学术化问题 |
| 英文关键词: professional degree;pragmatism;practical application;academic issues |
| 基金项目:国家社会科学基金教育学一般项目"专业博士教育发展逻辑的国际比较与中国路径研究"(BIA230209) |
| 作者 | 单位 | | 李安萍 | 常州大学 研究生院/中吴智库研究中心, 江苏 常州 213164 | | 胡秀英 | 江苏理工学院 化学化工学院, 江苏 常州 213001 |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 中美两国都是通过专业学位的设置,开展高层次应用型人才的培养以服务社会经济发展。中美专业学位产生与发展的过程中,大学学院结构均经历了相应的变化。美国大学形成了文理学院或文理研究生院和专业学院并存的格局,我国大学更多地表现为一级学科基础上的学院数量增长。美国大学学院结构客观上有利于其学术学位研究生和专业学位研究生分类培养的形成,而我国大学学院结构则是专业学位研究生教育学术化问题的成因之一。我国专业学位研究生教育学术化问题犹如一枚硬币的两面,在文化层面上,受一以贯之的经世致用思想影响,专业学位乃至于整个研究生教育蕴含着应用性的元素,专业学位不可避免地会与学术学位研究生教育中的应用性元素相交,从而出现所谓专业学位研究生教育学术化问题。专业学位研究生教育在某种形式或程度上趋同于学术学位研究生教育可能是一个必然的现象,但要避免受学术学位研究生教育中"为学术而学术"的纯粹理论思辨因素影响。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Both China and the United States adopt the setting of professional degrees to cultivate high-level applied professionals for social and economic development. In the process of the emergence and development of professional degrees in China and the United States, the structures of the higher-learning institutions has changed accordingly. In the United States, a university pattern has emerged in which schools of arts and sciences or postgraduate schools of arts and sciences coexist with specialty-based professional colleges, while universities in China are characterized by an increase in the number of colleges/schools based on first-level disciplines. Objectively, the structure of American higher-learning institutions is conducive to the formation of classified education for academic and professional degree postgraduates, while the structure of Chinese higher-learning institutions is one of the causes of the academicization of education for professional degree postgraduates. The issue of academicized training for professional degree postgraduates in China is like the two sides of a coin. At the cultural level, under the influence of the consistent concept of pragmatism, professional degree postgraduate education and even the whole postgraduate education in China contain application elements. The professional degree postgraduate education unavoidably overlaps with the application elements of the academic degree postgraduate education, leading to the so-called academicization problems of professional degree postgraduate education. Probably, it is an inevitable phenomenon that professional degree postgraduate education will converge to some extent with academic degree postgraduate education, but care should be taken to avoid the pure theoretical speculation factor of "academic for academic purposes" in the academic degree postgraduate education. |
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