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| 美国博士生资格考核的组织模式与实践理路 |
| The Organizational Mode and Operational Logic of the U.S. Doctoral Qualifying Examination |
| 投稿时间：2022-09-27 |
| DOI：10.19834/j.cnki.yjsjy2011.2023.04.12 |
| 中文关键词: 博士生教育;博士生资格考核;组织模式;实践理路 |
| 英文关键词: doctoral education;doctoral qualifying examination;organizational mode;operational logic |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金重点项目(72134001)、面上项目(72074015) |
| 作者 | 单位 | | 赵世奎 | 北京航空航天大学 人文社会科学学院, 北京 100191 | | 高凌云 | 北京航空航天大学 人文社会科学学院, 北京 100191 |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 博士生资格考核制度是美国博士生教育的必要环节。总体而言,博士生资格考核并无固定统一的模式,不同院系往往会根据其学科特点及培养定位,择取适宜的考核时间、考核内容和考核方式。尽管资格考核结果通常会成为分流淘汰的依据,但也有一些院系并不把考核结果作为是否终止博士培养的要件。博士生教育的规模发展以及对人才培养质量的重视,是推动博士生资格考核制度形成和发展的直接动因。博士生资格考核的根本目的在于反馈、督促、指引,而非淘汰,如引导博士生深入理解学科规范和文化、推进博士生的专业社会化等。如何立足我国博士生培养实际,借鉴国外经验,构建完善长时段、多维度的考察机制,是培养单位亟待解决的重要命题。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| The doctoral qualifying examination system is a necessary part of doctoral education in the United States. Generally speaking, there is no fixed or unified pattern of doctoral qualifying examinations, and different departments usually choose an appropriate examination time, content and method according to their own disciplinary characteristics and training orientation. Although the results of the qualifying examinations are usually used as the basis for triage and elimination of the students, some departments do not consider the results as a necessary condition for the training termination of a student. The development of the scale of doctoral education and the emphasis on the quality of talent cultivation are the direct motivation for the formation and development of the doctoral qualifying examination system. Rather than terminating the study of a doctoral student, the fundamental purpose of the qualifying examination is for feedback, better arrangement of supervision and guidance, specifically, for guiding doctoral students to better understand disciplinary norms and culture and promoting them to take part in professional socialization. The authors believe that how to build and improve a long-term and multi-dimensional investigation mechanism based on China's doctoral training practice and with reference of foreign experience is a critical problem to be solved urgently. |
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