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| 竞争异化:精英淘汰机制中的隐形不平等——博士招生“申请-考核”制的公平性探析 |
| Competition Alienation: Invisible Unfairness in Elite Elimination Mechanism: Analysis of the fairness of the “application-examination” system for doctoral student admission |
| 投稿时间：2019-03-29 |
| DOI： |
| 中文关键词: “申请-考核”制;博士招生;学术精英;阶层流动 |
| 英文关键词: “application-examination” system;doctoral student enrollment;academic ethics;class mobility |
| 基金项目: |
| 作者 | 单位 | | 汪栅 | 云南大学 职业与继续教育学院, 昆明 650000 |
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| 摘要点击次数: 1744 |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 学术精英的选拔关乎国家发展的前途，博士招生中的"申请-考核"制作为重要的精英选拔制度，其公平性是学术精英阶层是否合理产生的关键。博士研究生资源属于优质的教育资源，其"高价值"和"稀缺性"的特点只能让少数人获得进入该阶层的机会，这也就导致阶层之间在争夺优质资源时产生竞争的异化。"申请-考核"制的出现让院校、导师的招生自主权扩大，其所产生的权力私化、权钱交易的利益链也极易破坏掉赞助性升迁与竞争性升迁之间的平衡。这种破坏性的结果会体现在资质与资本的互动博弈中，"利益相关者"能够用资格限定的权力打造"出身鄙视链"进而维护优势利益主体通过资本置换带来的最大化利益。基于此种因素考量，博士"申请-考核"制必须建立起适当的机会补偿措施，调整权利正义与价值正义的关系，考虑"绩能主义"的价值，才能从利益主体的交织中维持公平正义。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| The selection of the academic elite is critical to the national future development. As an important elite selection system, the "application-examination" doctoral enrollment system is critical to a fair and reasonable generation of the social class of the academic elite. Doctoral students are a potential quality educational resource. The characteristics of "high value" and "scarcity" can only give a few people the opportunity to enter this class, which leads to a competition alienation between classes in competing for high-quality resources. The emergence of "application-examination" system expands the admission autonomy of universities and supervisors, and the privatization of decision-making power and the profit chain of "trading power for money" arising thereof can easily destroy the balance between sponsored promotion and competitive promotion. This destructive result is reflected in the interactive play between qualification and capital. "Stakeholders" can use the privileged power specified to build a chain of "educational background discrimination" so that they can maintain the maximum profit through capital replacement for advantage-possessing entities. Based on this factor, the author proposes appropriate indemnifying measures of the "application-examination" doctoral enrollment system, so as to adjust the relationship between the justice of the right and the justice of the value. The author believes that only by taking into account the value of "meritocracy" can we maintain fairness and justice from the mess among the "stakeholders". |
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