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| 研究生教育对女性婚姻是形成负面冲击还是正面促进？ |
| Does Graduate Education Negatively Impact or Positively Promote Women’s Marriages? |
| 投稿时间：2026-05-13 |
| DOI：10.19834/j.cnki.yjsjy2011.2026.03.16 |
| 中文关键词: 研究生教育;女性;初婚年龄;配偶;生活幸福感 |
| 英文关键词: graduate education;females;age at first marriage;spouses;life happiness |
| 基金项目:国家社会科学基金重大项目“面向未来产业创新发展的教育、科技和人才协同发展机制研究”(24&ZD175) |
| 作者 | 单位 | | 李锋亮 | 清华大学 教育学院, 北京 100084 | | 杨懿行 | 清华大学 教育学院, 北京 100084 | | 李不言 | 清华大学 教育学院, 北京 100084 |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 随着我国研究生教育规模的扩大,女性在校研究生数量和占比较十年前大幅增长,“高学历阻碍女性婚姻”等刻板印象与负面舆论仍亦见不鲜。本研究使用中国综合社会调查(CGSS)2023年数据,运用倾向得分匹配法,探究研究生学历对女性是否结婚、初婚年龄、配偶工资以及生活幸福感的影响。结果发现,研究生学历既未显著推迟女性初婚年龄,也未显著降低其结婚概率;同时,拥有研究生学历的女性,配偶工资显著更高,婚后生活幸福感也显著更高。这一结果有力回应了婚姻市场对高学历女性的偏见,并验证了女性的人力资本投入能够带来明显的非货币化收益。社会应营造更宽松友好的舆论环境,鼓励女性进行高层次人力资本投资。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| As the scale of China’s graduate education continue to grow, the number and proportion of female graduate students have risen markedly over the past decade, yet stereotypes such as "high education hinders women’s marriage" remain common. Using the 2023 Chinese General Social Survey (CGSS) and propensity score matching, this study examines the impact of a graduate degree on women’s marriage, age at first marriage, spouse’s wage, and life happiness. The results show that a graduate degree neither significantly delays women’s first marriage nor significantly lowers their probability of marrying; meanwhile, women with graduate degrees have spouses with significantly higher wages and report significantly higher post-marriage happiness. These findings refute the prejudice against highly educated women in the marriage market and confirm that women’s human capital investment yields clear non-monetary returns. Society should offer women a more relaxed and friendly environment and encourage high-level human capital investment. |
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