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| 他们去哪儿做研究了？——人与环境匹配视角下学术型博士毕业生的职业选择 |
| Where Did They Go to Continue Their Research? Career Choices of Academic Doctoral Graduates from the Person-Environment Fit Perspective |
| 投稿时间：2025-10-09 |
| DOI：10.19834/j.cnki.yjsjy2011.2026.03.09 |
| 中文关键词: 学术型博士毕业生;职业选择;人与环境匹配;研究工作 |
| 英文关键词: academic doctoral graduates;career choice;person-environment fit;research jobs |
| 基金项目:浙江省哲学社会科学一般项目“建设'共同富裕’示范区影响第一代大学生就业质量的政策效应评估”(23NDJC074YB);教育部人文社会科学研究青年基金项目“学术型博士毕业生的就业多元化:宏观结构与趋势预测”(24YJC880136);江苏高校哲学社会科学研究一般项目(2024SJYB0063);南京农业大学中央高校基本科研业务费人文社科基金项目(SKYC2024007) |
| 作者 | 单位 | | 黄亚婷 | 浙江大学 教育学院, 杭州 310058 | | 王思遥 | 南京农业大学 公共管理学院, 南京 210095 |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 基于人与环境匹配理论,本研究分析了13所“双一流”建设高校1333名博士毕业生的择业数据。结果显示:研究工作仍是当前学术型博士毕业生的主流选择,但非研究取向日渐凸显,求稳偏好成为后疫情时代其择业的重要转向。自我认知与职业认知交互影响学术型博士毕业生的职业选择。其中,职业特性认知广度决定着职业选择范畴边界;学术与非学术劳动力市场的职业获得难度及职业前景张力是学术型博士毕业生就业多元化的根本原因;个人倾向、自我效能感及职业价值观则是影响其具体流向的内驱动力。此外,学术型博士毕业生的职业选择受多重情境因素影响与制约:“第一学历歧视”现象开始从学术圈向产业界蔓延;理工类博士劳动力市场呈现出学术岗位高饱和与非学术岗位高需求并存的“双高”格局;男性博士毕业生择业时受物质偏好影响更大;东部地区学术职业竞争更加激烈,其市场饱和引发的产业界溢出效应更为显著。基于此,有必要加强多元职业文化建设,提升博士生多元化就业能力;建立结构化就业信息获取渠道,拓展博士生职业认知边界;完善精准化就业支持体系,缓解情境约束带来的负面影响。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Based on person-environment fit theory, this study analyzes the career choice data of 1333 doctoral graduates from 13 "Double First-Class" universities. The findings reveal that while academic research positions remain the primary career choice of these graduates, non-academic careerchoices are increasingly prominent, with a clearshift towards stability emerging as a remarkable trend in the post-pandemic era.The interplay between self-perception and career perception shapes the career decision-making of academic doctoral graduates. Specifically, the extent of awareness of occupational attributes defines the range of career options; discrepancies in occupational accessibility and career prospects between academic and non-academic labor markets fundamentally drive diversification of employment outcomes among doctoral graduates; personal preferences, self-efficacy, and professional values serve as the intrinsic drivers that influence the divergence in their employment paths. Moreover, the career choices of academic doctoral graduates are influenced and constrained by multiple contextual factors: the phenomenon of "first-academic-degree-based discrimination" has extended from academic circle to industrial circle; the labor market for STEM doctoral graduates exhibits a dual-high pattern, characterized by oversaturation in academic positions and high demand in non-academic sectors; male doctoral graduates are more influenced by pragmatic considerations in their career choice; academic career competition is more intense in China’s eastern region, and the spillover effects stemming from market saturation in this sector are more pronounced in the industry sector. Based on the study, the authors suggest that it is necessary to foster a pluralistic career culture to enhance doctoral students’ capacity for diversified employment, establish structured information channels to broaden their awareness of career opportunities; and improve the tailored employment support system to mitigate the adverse impacts of contextual constraints. |
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