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| 我国工科顶尖高校博士职业选择结构特征与变化态势解析 |
| Analysis of the Structural Characteristics and Changing Trends in Career Choices among PhD Graduates from China’s Leading Engineering Universities |
| 投稿时间：2025-11-30 |
| DOI：10.19834/j.cnki.yjsjy2011.2026.01.09 |
| 中文关键词: 工科高校;博士毕业生;职业选择;卓越工程师 |
| 英文关键词: engineering universities;doctoral graduates;career choice;outstanding engineers |
| 基金项目:天津市高等学校研究生教育改革计划项目一般课题"面向新工科的我国工程博士培育机理与实践路径研究"(TJYG25042);国家社会科学基金重点项目"新时代卓越工程师教育培养研究"(AIA220013) |
| 作者 | 单位 | | 胡德鑫 | 天津大学 教育学院, 天津 300354
全国新工科教育创新中心, 天津 300354 | | 梁嘉美 | 天津大学 教育学院, 天津 300354 |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 基于16所工科顶尖高校近十年就业数据,系统考察我国博士毕业生职业选择的结构特征与动态变化。研究发现:(1)总体就业率方面,大部分高校保持在95%以上,但存在显著的校际差异;(2)就业形式方面,毕业生以签约就业为主,灵活就业人员与博士后比例均呈缓慢上升趋势;(3)就业单位性质方面,学术界就业比例由超过50%回落至30%左右,产业界作为毕业生主要就业渠道的地位持续增强,就业比例增加到40%左右,公共部门就业比例稳定在5%左右;(4)职业类型选择方面,教育行业就业平均占比40%左右;科学研究和技术服务业为辅,占17%左右;(5)就业地域方面,高度集中于"北上广"地区,占比在30%以上,同时属地留存率持续高于50%,体现经济发达区域集聚与属地吸引效应的双重影响。基于上述发现,本文从分类培养机制、学科交叉融合与就业支持体系三方面提出优化我国工科高校博士研究生培养体系的政策建议。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Based on the employment data from the top 16 engineering universities over the past decade, this paper systematically examines the structural characteristics and dynamic changes in the career choices of doctoral graduates in China. The research findings are as follows: (1) In terms of overall employment rate, it has remained above 95% on average, but there are significant differences among universities. (2) Regarding employment forms, contract-based employment is predominant, while the proportions of flexible employment and postdoctoral positions have shown a slow upward trend. In terms of the nature of the employers, the proportion of employment in the academic sector has decreased from over 50% to around 30%, while the proportion in the industrial sector has continued to increase to about 40%, and the proportion in the public sector has remained stable at around 5%. (4) When it comes to career type selection, the education industry is the primary sector, with an average proportion of around 40%, followed by the sector of scientific research and technical services, accounting for about 17%. (5) With regard to localities, employment is highly concentrated in Beijing, Shanghai, and Guangdong, accounting for over 30%, and the retention rate in local areas has remained above 50%, reflecting the dual influence of economic agglomeration in developed regions and local attraction effects. Based on the above, this paper proposes policy-reform recommendations for optimizing the doctoral education system in engineering universities in China from three aspects: training mechanism classification, interdisciplinary collaboration, and employment support system improvement. |
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