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| 面向教育强国建设的研究生教育结构优化 |
| On Optimizing Postgraduate Education Structure for Making China a Strong Country in Education |
| 投稿时间：2026-01-08 |
| DOI：10.19834/j.cnki.yjsjy2011.2026.01.01 |
| 中文关键词: 研究生教育;教育强国;战略布局;人才培养 |
| 英文关键词: postgraduate education;a strong country in education;strategic layout;talent cultivation |
| 基金项目:教育部哲学社会科学研究重大课题攻关项目"我国博士生招生和培养规模结构质量问题研究"(20JZD051) |
| 作者 | 单位 | | 李立国 | 清华大学 教育学院, 北京 100084 | | 刘思成 | 清华大学 教育学院, 北京 100084 | | 杜帆 | 中国高等教育学会, 北京 100083 |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 自2012年以来,我国研究生教育经过快速发展,取得了历史性成就,2024年在读研究生是2012年的2.38倍,并且研究生人才培养结构得到优化,专业硕士研究生占比超过60%,理工农医学科研究生占比大幅提升。但是,我国研究生培养规模,与经济社会发展需求和国际发展水平相比,仍有很大差距。我国现在在读研究生人数占高等教育在读总人数的8.5%,占比偏低。研究生教育结构仍存在突出问题:博士生占比远低于发达国家;基础学科和医学占比偏低,战略急需领域高水平人才供给不足;研究生教育布局与区域经济、创新发展不匹配,优质资源配置偏向行政中心城市。面向2035年教育强国建设目标,研究生教育结构优化应系统谋划、协同推进,稳步提高博士生招生规模和占比,大力发展专业学位博士研究生教育,适当缩短培养学制,构建高质量培养体系;夯实基础学科根基,扩大医学博士培养规模,深化战略急需领域学科超前布局,完善学科专业动态调整机制;在城市群优先布局研究生教育资源,加大学位授权审核向重点区域倾斜,推动研究生教育布局与国家创新高地和人才中心建设深度对接。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Since 2012, China’s postgraduate education has developed rapidly and made historic achievements. In 2024, the number of postgraduate students was 2.38 times that of 2012, and the training structure of postgraduate talent has been optimized, with professional postgraduates accounting for more than 60%, and the proportion of postgraduates in science, engineering, agriculture and medicine has greatly increased. However, in comparison with the international development level, there is still a big gap between the scale of postgraduate training and the needs of economic and social development in China. Postgraduates at school in China now account for 8.5% of the total number of students in higher education, which is a relatively low proportion. There are still some prominent problems in the structure of postgraduate education: the proportion of doctoral students is much lower than that of developed countries; the proportion of postgraduates in basic disciplines and medicine is low, and the supply of high-level talent in strategic areas is insufficient; the layout of postgraduate education does not match regional economy and innovation development; and the allocation of high-quality resources is biased towards administrative central cities. Therefore, this paper suggests that when facing the challenge of building China into a leading country in education in 2035, we should optimize the postgraduate education structure in a systematically planned manner, synergistically advance it, steadily enlarge the enrollment and increase the scale and proportion of doctoral students, vigorously develop professional degree doctoral training, appropriately shorten the duration of training, and develop a high-quality training system. This paper also suggests that we should strengthen the knowledge foundation of basic disciplines, expand doctoral training in medicine, detail the forward-looking layout of disciplines in strategic urgent fields, and improve the dynamic adjustment mechanism of disciplines and specialties. Furthermore, it suggests that we should prioritize the layout expansion of postgraduate education in urban agglomerations, increase support for degree authorization review in key regions, and deeply align the layout of postgraduate education with the construction of national innovation hubs and talent centers. |
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